When Edward Cavendish (1895-1950) succeeded his father as 10th Duke in 1938 he and his wife, Lady Mary Cecil, daughter of the 4th Marquss of Salisbury, planned to make alterations and improvements at Chatsworth. But a year later, war broke out and the girls and staff of Penrhos College arrived. The house was not re-opened to the public until 1949.
The 10th Dukes elder son William, Marquess of Hartington, married Kathleen Kennedy, sister of the late President Kennedy, in May 1944. Four months with his regiment, the Coldstream Guards. Kathleen died in an aeroplane accident in 1948. They had no children, so the Dukes second son Andrew Cavendish became his fathers heir and succeeded to the title in 1950.